Topic 7: MODAL VERB FOR EXPRESSING OBLIGATION

The modal verb 'must' is used to express obligation for the present or future time. For the past time, we may use 'had to'.
Example:
(1) I must finish the work today.
(2) He had to finish it yesterday.
To express the opposite meaning of 'must', we use 'need not' or 'needn't'. For the past tense , this become 'did not need to' or 'didn't need to'.
Examples:
(1) You need not finish the work today.
(2) You did not need to finish it before noon.
Modal verbs 'should' and 'ought to' are quite similiar to 'must' in funtion and meaning. The opposite meaning are 'should not' and 'ought not to'.
Examples:
(1) We should/ought to be grateful for David's help.
(2) You should not/ought not to say such a thing to her.

Exercise
Complete each of the sentences with 'must', 'need not' or 'did not need to'.
1. We_____hurry. It is very late now.
2. You_____hurry. There is still plenty of time.
3, All_____hurry because there was plenty of time.
4. The meeting has not begun yet. We_____hurry.
5. You_____take a taxi. There is no bus in this area.


Answer
1. must
2. need not
3. did not need to
4. need to
5. must


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